Renewables to overtake India’s oil output in 2035: BP Energy Outlook
India’s demand for green energy is expected to grow by seven times in 2035, according to the latest BP Energy Outlook released on Wednesday. Accordingly, the share of renewable energy in the country’s fuel mix will increase from the present level of 2% to 8% in 2035. However, the green surge will be inadequate to meet India’s growing need for energy with the country’s demand growth expected to be more than double the non-OECD countries’ average of 52%. OECD countries refer to the 35 nations that are signatories to the Convention on the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD, and mostly comprise mature economies. This comes in the backdrop of investors seeing enormous opportunity in India’s emerging green economy. India, the world’s third largest energy consuming economy after the US and China, plans to achieve 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022 as part of its commitments to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change adopted by 195 countries in Paris in December 2015. “The global energy landscape is changing. Traditional centers of demand are being overtaken by fast-growing emerging markets. The energy mix is shifting, driven by technological improvements and environmental concerns. More than ever, our industry needs to adapt to meet those changing energy needs,” said Bob Dudley, BP group chief executive in a statement. According to the report, an annual feature published by British energy firm BP Plc, the growth in India’s energy demand is expected to outpace the other so-called BRIC (Brazil, Russia, China, India) countries. India’s energy demand is expected to grow by 129%, while China and Brazil’s energy demand will grow by 47% and 41%, respectively. Russia’s energy demand is expected to grow by 2%. India’s energy consumption is expected to grow by 4.2% annually, faster than all major economies in the world. As a result, India’s share of global energy demand will increase to 9% by 2035, accounting for the second largest share among the BRIC countries with China at 26%, Russia at 4%, and Brazil at 2%. “Coal remains the dominant fuel produced in India with a 65% share of total production in 2035. Renewables overtakes oil as the second largest, increasing from 4% to 14% in 2035 as oil drops from 10% today to 3% by 2035,” the report said. In India, which is the biggest greenhouse gas emitter after the US and China, renewable energy currently accounts for 15%, or 45,917 MW, of the total installed capacity of 3,10,005 MW. According to the government, India has a renewable energy potential of around 900 GW from sources such as wind, solar, small hydro and bio energy. The National Democratic Alliance government’s focus on renewable energy stems from India’s energy import bill of around $150 billion, expected to reach $300 billion by 2030. India imports around 80% of its crude oil and 18% of its natural gas requirements. The government aims to effect a 10% cut in energy imports by 2022 and a 50% cut by 2030. India imported 202 million tonnes of oil in 2015-16. According to BP Energy Outlook’s prediction, India’s oil imports are expected to rise by 165%, followed by a 173% and 105% increase in gas and coal imports respectively. “Energy in transport grows by 5.8% per year and oil remains the dominant fuel source with a 93% market share in 2035,” the report added. D.J. Swearinger Womens Jersey
BP Energy Outlook: An energy transition is underway
?BP EnergyOutlook 2017 Global energy demand to increase by around 30% to 2035, driven by increasing prosperity in developing countries, partially offset by rapid gains in energy efficiency Technological improvements and environmental concerns are changing the mix of primary energy demand but oil and gas, together with coal, remain the main source of energy to 2035 Gas grows faster than either oil or coal; the rapid expansion of LNG is likely to lead to a globally integrated gas market, anchored by US gas prices Oil demand grows but at a slowing pace; and non-combusted uses replace transport as the main source of demand growth by 2030s Global coal consumption peaks, while renewables remain by far the fastest-growing energy source, quadrupling over the next 20 years The power sector accounts for nearly two-thirds of the increase in primary energy Carbon emissions grow at less than a third of the rate of the past 20 years, reflecting both gains in energy efficiency and the changing fuel mix, but in the base case are still projected to increase, highlighting the need for further action ?The 2017 edition of the BP Energy Outlook, published today,?said that ?global demand for energy is expected to increase by around 30% between 2015 and 2035, an average growth of 1.3% per year. However, this growth in energy demand is significantly lower than the 3.4% per year rise expected in global GDP, reflecting improved energy efficiency driven by technology improvements and environmental concerns. ?“The global energy landscape is changing. Traditional centers of demand are being overtaken by fast-growing emerging markets. The energy mix is shifting, driven by technological improvements and environmental concerns. More than ever, our industry needs to adapt to meet those changing energy needs,” said Bob Dudley, BP group chief executive. The Outlook looks at long-term energy trends and develops projections for world energy markets over the next two decades. The 2017 edition was launched today in London by Spencer Dale, BP’s group chief economist, and Bob Dudley, group chief executive. Main energy sources While non-fossil fuels are expected to account for half of the growth in energy supplies over the next 20 years, the Outlook projects that oil and gas, together with coal, will remain the main source of energy powering the world economy, accounting for more than 75% of total energy supply in 2035, compared with 86% in 2015. Oil demand grows at an average rate of 0.7% a year, although this is expected to slow gradually over the period. The transport sector continues to consume most of the world’s oil with its share of global demand remaining close to 60% in 2035. However, non-combusted use of oil, particularly in petrochemicals, takes over as the main source of growth for oil demand by the early 2030s. “The possibility that the most important source of growth in oil demand in the 2030s won’t be to power cars or trucks or planes, but rather used as an input into other products, such as plastics and fabrics, is quite a change from the past,” said Spencer Dale. Gas grows more quickly than either oil or coal over the Outlook, with demand growing an average 1.6% a year. Its share of primary energy overtakes coal to be the second-largest fuel source by 2035. Shale gas production accounts for two-thirds of the increase in gas supplies, led by growth in the US. LNG growth, driven by increasing supplies in Australia and the US, is expected to lead to a globally integrated gas market anchored by US gas prices. Coal consumption is projected to peak in the mid-2020s, largely driven by China’s move towards cleaner, lower-carbon fuels. India is the largest growth market for coal, with its share of world coal demand doubling from around 10% in 2015 to 20%in 2035. Renewables are projected to be the fastest growing fuel source, growing at an average rate of 7.6% per year, quadrupling over the Outlook, driven by increasing competitiveness of both solar and wind. China is the largest source of growth for renewables over the next 20 years, adding more renewable power than the EU and US combined. Emerging themes The Outlook highlights a number of questions and uncertainties raised by the energy transition that is underway. Oil: changing dynamics of demand and supply All of the demand growth for oil in the period to 2035 comes from emerging markets, with China accounting for half. The transport sector accounts for around two-thirds of the growth in oil demand. Within that, oil demand for cars increases by around 4 million barrels per day underpinned by a doubling in the global car fleet. The number of electric cars is assumed to increase from 1.2 million in 2015 to around 100 million in 2035 (around 5% of the global car fleet). The Energy Outlook constructs two illustrative scenarios to consider the impact of the broader mobility revolution affecting the car market, including autonomous cars, car sharing and ride-pooling. “The impact of electric cars, together with other aspects of the mobility revolution, such as self-driving cars, car sharing and ride pooling, is one of the key uncertainties surrounding the long-term outlook for oil” said Spencer Dale. The slowing rate of oil demand growth is contrasted by the abundance of global oil resources. The Energy Outlook speculates that the abundance of oil may cause low-cost producers, such as Middle East OPEC, Russia and the US, to use their competitive advantage to increase their market share at the expense of higher-cost producers. Gas: the emergence of a global market Gas continues to gain share from coal, helped by energy policies that encourage the shift in both industry and power generation. The main growth comes from China, Middle East and the US. In China, growth in gas consumption outstrips domestic production, so that by 2035 imported gas comprises nearly 40% of total consumption, up from 30% in 2015. In Europe, the share of imports rises from around 50% in 2015 to over 80% by 2035. The Outlook expects
India to become the fastest oil consumer by 2035
Having pipped Japan to become world’s third largest oil consumer, India’s oil consumption growth will be the fastest among all major economies by 2035, BP Statistical Review of World Energy said. India, Asia’s second-biggest energy consumer since 2008, had in 2015 overtaken Japan as the world’s third-largest oil consuming country behind US and China. “We project that India’s energy consumption grows the fastest among all major economies by 2035. As a result, the country remains import dependent despite increases in production,” it said. While energy consumption will grow by 4.2 per cent per annum — faster than all major economies in the world — India’s consumption growth of fossil fuels would be the largest in the world. India, it said, will overtake China as the largest growth market for energy in volume terms by 2030. Oil consumption will rise from 4.1 million barrels per day in 2015 to 9.2 million bpd in 2035. Natural gas consumption would jump from 4.9 billion cubic feet per day to 12.8 bcfd while coal consumption is project to more than double to 833 million tons. India’s energy demand growth at “129 per cent is more than double the non-OECD average of 52 per cent and also outpaces each of the BRIC countries as China (47 per cent), Brazil (41 per cent), and Russia (2 per cent), all expand slower,” BP said. Its share of global energy demand increases to 9 per cent by 2035, accounting for the second largest share among the BRIC countries with China at 26 per cent, Russia at 4 per cent and Brazil at 2 per cent. BP said India’s demand for gas expands by 162 per cent, followed by oil (120 per cent) and coal (105 per cent). Renewables rise by 699 per cent, nuclear by 317 per cent and hydro by 97 per cent by 2035. “The fuel mix evolves very slowly over the Outlook (period) with fossil fuels accounting for 86 per cent of demand in 2035, compared to 92 per cent today. “The share of coal in the fuel mix falls from 58 per cent today to 52 per cent by 2035, while the share of renewables rises from 2 per cent to 8 per cent,” it said. Energy production as a share of consumption declines marginally from 58 per cent today to 56 per cent by 2035 as imports rise by 138 per cent. “Declining oil production (-26 per cent) is outweighed by increases in gas (+154 per cent) and coal (+104 per cent), and non-fossil fuels (+312 per cent),” BP said. Coal remains the dominant fuel produced in India with a 65 per cent share of total production in 2035. Renewables overtakes oil as the second largest, increasing from 4 per cent to 14 per cent in 2035 as oil drops from 10 per cent today to 3 per cent by 2035. “Oil imports rise by 165 per cent and account for 56 per cent of the increase in imports, followed by increasing imports of gas (173 per cent) and coal (105 per cent),” it said. Taylor Chorney Authentic Jersey
India’s energy consumption to grow faster than major economies
India’s energy consumption is set to grow 4.2% a year by 2035, faster than that of all major economies in the world, according to BP Energy Outlook. India, Asia’s second biggest energy consumer since 2008, had in 2015 overtaken Japan as the world’s third largest oil consuming country behind the US and China. “We project that India’s energy consumption grows the fastest among all major economies by 2035. As a result, the country remains import dependent despite increases in production,” the publication said. India’s consumption growth of fossil fuels will be the highest by 2035 and it will overtake China as the largest growth market for energy in volume terms by 2030. Globally, energy demand will increase by about 30% by 2035. Natural gas consumption will grow faster than either oil or coal, expanding at 1.6% a year. Coal demand will peak in the mid-2020s, as China moves toward cleaner, lowercarbon fuels, the report said. India’s gas demand to expand 162%, followed by that of oil (121%) and coal (105%). Renewables rise by 712%, nuclear by 317%, and hydro by 97%. Kayvon Webster Authentic Jersey
Indraprastha Gas aims to replace diesel generators by gas generator
Indraprastha Gas Ltd is aiming to replace diesel generators by gas generator sets in housing complexes and factories, pitching it as a cheaper and environment-friendly option for the national capital region, which is facing rising pollution due to polluting factories, increasing number of cars and construction activity. A joint venture of state-run GAIL and Bharat Petroleum that supplies piped gas to homes, malls, factories and cars in Delhi and its satellites, IGL is working to capture a new segment of business, the backup generators used by factories and housing complexes due to the shortage of grid supply. These generators almost always use diesel to produce power that is thrice as expensive as grid supply and contributes to worsening pollution. By targeting to replace diesel backup generators, the company aims to sell one lakh cubic metres a day of gas to factories in Rewari, about 100 km from Delhi, where it’s about to launch its services, and about two lakh cubic metres a day to housing complexes in the national capital region in about three years, said ES Ranganathan, the managing director of IGL. The targeted volume is about a third of its current sales to homes and factories. “You have power cuts for more than four hours daily in the national capital region, which also suffers from a lot of air pollution. There is talk of banning diesel cars. This is where replacing diesel by natural gas in generator sets can help cut pollution,” said Ranganathan. Delhi is one of the worst polluted cities in the world and so are its satellites. The winters are especially unbearable with smog enveloping the national capital region. Adopting gas-based generators can also be economically rewarding, Ranganathan said. “At current gas and diesel prices, a gas-based generator can provide electricity for Rs 12 per unit compared to Rs 18 for a diesel generator set,” he said. IGL is working on multiple options for customers to accelerate gas generators’ adoption. A 250 KV – the average capacity at housing complexes – gas generator costs about Rs 45 lakh, compared to Rs 20 lakh for a diesel set, according to IGL. Assuming the set is used for four hours of power backup and given that gas is cheaper than diesel, the user can recover the additional cost incurred in purchasing gas generator in about 20 months, as per IGL. Another option for a customer is to retrofit an existing diesel generating set that would run on a combined ratio of 60% gas and 40% diesel. The cost of retrofitting is about Rs 4-5 lakh, which can be recovered in about six months. But a 40% use of diesel lightens the pitch of environment-friendliness. IGL is also in talks with third-party service providers who will invest in setting up generators and sell power at Rs 12 per unit at current gas prices. “We have finalised a partner for this and are talking to more players so that customers can have more choice,” said Ranganathan. The company plans to shortly install gas-based generators in two-three housing complexes in Indirapuram on the outskirts of Delhi, which will act as a model for other areas, he said. The company also plans to reach out to hospitals for this. A sharp fall in natural gas prices and the government’s preference for it have prompted city gas distributors to think of many ways to promote its consumption. The government wants piped gas to reach one crore customers by 2019, a steep target that has put IGL and other city gas distributors under tremendous pressure. About 34 lakh customers today use piped gas across the country. Tress Way Womens Jersey
India, Bangladesh In Gas Pipe Talks
India and Bangladesh are discussing how a gas pipeline that would link their two countries to Myanmar might be financed. “We are working towards getting a gas pipeline between the two countries,” foreign ministry official Sripriya Ranganathan said at the International Conference on India-Bangladesh Multi-Sectoral Cooperation in Delhi, the New Indian Express reported January 23. Indian state owned Oil and Natural Gas Company (ONGC) and Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation are in negotiation to build the 6,900-km pipeline that would link Bangladesh, Myanmar and north-eastern states of India. “The negotiations are going on to finalise who will finance the pipeline,” Ranganathan told the New Indian Express. The pipeline project was conceived under the Hydrocarbon Vision 2030 for the north-eastern region and is planned to connect Chittagong (in Bangladesh), Sitwe (in Myanmar) with north-eastern states. Demand for gas in Bangladesh is rising rapidly as the economy continues to expand. Dhaka has sought New Delhi’s help in facilitating gas imports from Myanmar. Myanmar’s gas exports to Thailand and China, its two main customers, have fallen in recent months and Dhaka feels Bangladesh could be a replacement as domestic demand is rising steadily. Bangladesh is also keen on importing LNG and is building adequate import infrastructure. Apart from signing agreements for FSRUs, state owned Petrobangla has signed a memorandum of understanding to set up LNG import infrastructure with Indian Petronet. Eric Fisher Womens Jersey
14 deals signed as UAE aims $75bn investments in India
The UAE and India signed 14 pacts, including defense and energy, as part of groundwork for a strategic partnership between the two countries. The pacts were signed following a meeting between Sheikh Mohammad bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, crown prince of Abu Dhabi and deputy supreme commander of the UAE Armed Forces, and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in New Delhi on Wednesday. The agreements aim at establishing cooperation in defense manufacturing and technology, research, innovation, and cooperation between public and private sector institutions of the two countries. The two countries will also collaborate in armaments, defense industries and transfer of technology. In a joint statement issued at the end of the state visit, the two leaders reviewed the progress in realizing the $75 billion target for UAE investments in India’s plans for rapid expansion of next generation infrastructure development, as reported by WAM. The Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) and the Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Ltd. (ISPRL), agreed to establish a strategic crude oil storage in the southern Indian city of Mangalore. ADNOC will store about 6 million barrels of oil at Mangalore, taking up about half of the site’s capacity, said Sunjay Sudhir, joint secretary for international cooperation at the Indian Oil Ministry. The agreement with ISPRL, an Indian government-owned company mandated to store crude oil for emergency needs, covers the storage of 5.86 million barrels of ADNOC crude oil in underground facilities, at the Karnataka facility. Copies of the agreement were exchanged by Dr. Sultan Ahmed Al-Jaber, UAE Minister of State and ADNOC Group CEO, and India’s Petroleum Minister Dharmendra Pradhan, at a ceremony in New Delhi. Dr. Al-Jaber said: “This agreement, championed by the leadership of both countries, introduces a new strategic energy partnership with India that leverages the UAE and ADNOC’s expertise and oil resources. “This mutually beneficial partnership will create opportunities for ADNOC to increase its market share in delivering high quality crude to India’s expanding refining industry, while also helping India meet its growing energy demand and safeguard its security. “India is an important energy market and this storage agreement reinforces ADNOC’s role as one of the world’s most trusted and reliable suppliers of oil. We will utilize the Mangalore facility to not only build on our existing business relationships across India but also to explore new downstream opportunities for ADNOC’s expanding range of refined and petrochemical products,” he added. Pradhan said: “It is our hope that this strategic agreement will build on the strong bonds of cooperation between our two nations and provide the foundation for a mutually beneficial energy partnership.” Ben Hutton Womens Jersey
Centre committed on a full-fledged airport in Arunachal Pradesh : Ashok Gajapathi Raju
The Centre is committed for bringing a full-fledged airport in Arunachal Pradesh, Union Minister for Civil Aviation Ashok Gajapathi Raju said on Thursday. Minister Raju said a central team had recently surveyed both sites at Karsingsa and Hollongi, which were proposed for the airport and the Ministry was waiting for the report. This report he said will be forwarded to the state government for a final call and expressed optimism that work on the airport would begin soon. Mr Raju interacted with officials of the state civil aviation department in presence of Chief Minister Pema Khandu, Deputy chief minister Chowna Mein, Chief Secretary Shakuntala D Gamlin and Principal Secretary Satya Gopal at Itanagar on Thursday. Going through a presentation made by the department seeking operationalisation of a civil terminus, Raju assured he would have a meeting with the agencies concerned like DGCA and resolve all pending issues. The state government has been requesting the Centre to allow use of civilian terminus at various ALGs coming up in the state, which were under the control of the Air Force. The state government, which was planning to run commercial ATR flights for about three months on experiment basis, also requested the Minister to give one time relaxation to some stringent rules. Raju suggested the state government to look for possibilities in bringing cargo flights as the state has immense potential in horticulture, floriculture and medicinal plants, the release said. Malcolm Jenkins Authentic Jersey
Union Budget 2017-18: Key budget expectations for the energy sector
India’s energy sector has witnessed rapid growth over the last one year fueled by interventional policies, reforms and investments. Various policy initiatives such as introduction of UDAY, amendments in National Electricity Act, new solar RPO target for states, bio fuel policy, small hydro policy, offshore wind policy, and new hydrocarbon policy have all contributed to creating an environment conducive to investments while, attracting many new investors and global power players to India. But, despite all these developments, there are still some long standing issues which need to be addressed and resolved at the earliest. There is a need for the government to come up with some more interventional policies to accelerate the growth momentum in the sector. Hence, the upcoming budget would be very crucial to the energy sector. Section 80 IA of the Income tax Act 1961 provides 10-year tax holidays to the infrastructure projects. Domestic energy sector has been availing tax holidays under this section in 2016-17. However, to ensure a sustained growth in the sector, extension of 80 IA tax holidays for at least two year period would be highly desirable. It is high time Government of India (GoI) makes efforts to resolve the stressed asset situation. A stressed asset revival fund empowered to perform capital as well as operational restructuring of stressed power plants is expected to be carved out from National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF). Hydro power plants which are best suited for meeting peaking power demand would require policy push from the government. This is important to ensure smooth integration of large amount of renewables to the grid. India has about 145 GW of hydropower potential, 70 per cent of this potential is yet to be tapped. Clean energy cess is levied at the rate of Rs 400 per tonne on production of coal. The government needs to make consistent efforts to utilize the funds earned from clean energy cess to create a viability gap funding mechanism which could be used to support new hydro installations. Hydro sector may also need a separate RPO obligation, some interest subventions; and may be some FIT support to get the sector revived. The basic objective of imposing “The Clean Energy Cess” was to support the development of renewable energy sector in the country. The cess was doubled to Rs 400 per tonne in the budget announcements in Feb 2016. But, now that there has been a drop in price of solar panels and other equipment which has led to a reduction in solar energy tariff to a level which is close to achieving grid parity. Hence, there is anticipation that with solar tariff being very close to achieving grid parity, this cess should now be rolled back to the pre-2016 budget levels, Rs 200 per tonne. With the implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST), the tax benefits availed by the renewable energy sector are bound to disappear. This will raise cost of production of renewable based energy. To have as less of an impact as possible, Renewables (especially solar and wind) should be kept in the lowest tax bracket of GST. At present, Accelerated Depreciation (AD) available to the wind sector stands at 80 per cent. AD is one of the crucial financial incentives which has contributed to the renewable energy sector being recognized as a very attractive and lucrative sector in India. However, it would now be reduced from 80 per cent to 40 per cent starting April 2017. The government should take suitable measures to restrict or eliminate the rise of cost for developers. This is also critical to ensure envisaged wind capacity addition targets are met. Generation based incentive (GBI) for the past few years has been responsible for ensuring that the wind power projects remain attractive to the investors. However, GBI is supposed to lapse on 31 March 2017. Since, we are far from achieving our 2022 wind energy target, extending GBI by at least another 2 years is expected to maintain the growth momentum in the sector and to achieve 60 GW target by 2022. Government is yet to finalize the solar manufacturing policy. The said policy will accelerate growth of the sector by reducing cost of solar panels, other equipment, and overall solar tariff, and by developing a solar ecosystem in the country. This policy is also critical from the perspective of achieving 100 GW of installed solar energy target. There is a need to encourage storage solutions, off-grid solutions, mini grid financing through some guarantee funds and interest subventions. In the coal sector, so far it was only Coal India and its subsidiaries which were responsible for commercial mining and distribution of coal in India. However, in the current evolving business landscape, it is now becoming imperative for the government to open up commercial coal mining to the private players. Private sector participation will ensure that it brings with it not only new and advanced mining technology but also lead to increased operational efficiency and market driven coal pricing. However, mere opening of the sector will not be sufficient, it will call for the government to draw a clear cut roadmap to ensure the creation of a free coal market in the country. Realizing the importance of natural gas as fuel of the future, the Government should ensure that there is a significant increase in the consumption of natural gas in transport, industrial use, and in domestic households. In the absence of sufficient domestic production, the gas has to be imported in form of LNG. To promote consumption of LNG, import duty of LNG should be made at par with the import duty of crude petroleum, which is presently zero. Finally, exploration of oil and gas is a risky business and at times explorers find no oil or gas. Companies invest huge amount on exploration and on setting up exploration and production facilities. No production results in sunk cost for the companies and thus companies involved in this business require support from the government. Infrastructure status for
Inland Waterways Authority of India starts work on converting 106 rivers into national waterways
Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) has begun the preparatory works on converting 106 rivers into National Waterways (NWs) by making them navigable. 106 rivers across the country were declared national waterways by the government in April 2016. These rivers would be used to move freight cargo. In phase I, 8 waterways are being considered for development. Some of the states that the eight NWs would cover, include Bihar (NW-37, Gandak & NW-58 , Kosi), Uttar Pradesh (NW-40 Ghaghra), Goa (NW-68, Mandovi, NW-111, Zuari and NW-27, Cumberjua Canal), West Bengal (NW-97, Sunderban), and Assam (NW-16, Barak). “While the Detailed Project Report (DPR) for these waterways are ready, the tender process for fairway development of two NWs namely river Barak in Assam and Ghaghra in Uttar Pradesh respectively have been initiated. For Goa waterways, the tenders for construction of jetties would be taken up shortly,” a statement from IWAI said. For another 46 waterways, which are in coastal & tidal regions, two stage DPR studies have been initiated. These reports are in the final stage of preparation. Based on the recommendations, further development works would be under taken. Of the remaining 52 waterways which are in remote, inaccessible and hilly regions, only feasibility studies have been ordered. Field surveys in 44 NWs have been completed and are in progress in another 4. Draft feasibility report of 36 NWs have been received and are under evaluation. With just 0.6% of India’s freight transported through the inland waterway route despite vast network of rivers across its geographical corner that form about 20,000 Km of navigable waterways, the need for developing additional National Waterway is essential. Transportation through inland waterways comes with inherent advantage of being cost effective and environment friendly. To tap the possibilities of this mode of transportation Government of India declared 106 new waterways in April 2016. Mike Reilly Jersey