Cheniere signs 15-year LNG sales pact with oil trader Vitol
Cheniere Energy said on Monday that it signed a 15-year agreement to supply liquefied natural gas (LNG) to the world’s largest oil trader, Vitol Inc. Cheniere said it will sell 700,000 tonnes of LNG every year to Vitol, starting 2018 and the purchase price will be pegged to the Henry Hub monthly average, plus a fee. The United States has become a major LNG exporter in the last two years, mostly due to the ramp up of Cheniere’s Sabine Pass terminal in Louisiana. Houston-based Cheniere is also building the Corpus Christi terminal in Texas. An executive of Switzerland-based Vitol said earlier in May that its future growth would increasingly be driven by gas and LNG, especially in emerging markets. Max Pacioretty Authentic Jersey
Shell targets lower methane emissions from oil and gas operations
Royal Dutch Shell announced on Monday plans to limit emissions of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, across its oil and gas operations. Shell aims to maintain methane emissions intensity below 0.2 per cent by 2025, it said in a statement, joining British rival BP, which last year set a similar goal. Methane is released into the atmosphere mostly through leaks in gas infrastructure such as pumps and pipelines. The gas has a bigger impact than carbon dioxide, even though the oil and gas industry produces less methane and the gas also has a shorter lifetime. The methane target will be measured against a baseline leak rate, which is currently estimated at range from 0.01 per cent to 0.8 per cent across the company’s oil and gas assets, it said. The Anglo-Dutch company set out last year an ambitious plan to halve its carbon emissions by 2050, far exceeding rivals. Investors have called on the company to set binding targets to reach those goals. Jay Bruce Jersey
City gas retail licence: Adani, IOC, BPCL, Torrent Gas emerge big winners
Oil regulator PNGRB on Monday declared the final list of winners of city gas retailing licences that had Gautam Adani’s group, state-owned Indian Oil Corp, Bharat Petroleum Corp Ltd and Torrent Gas as the big winners. Adani Gas won rights to retail CNG to automobiles and piped cooking gas to households and industries in 13 cities on its own and another nine, including Allahabad, in a joint venture with IOC, according to results of 84 cities that were auctioned in the country’s biggest city gas distribution (CGD) bid round. According to the list of winners put out by the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB), IOC on its own won rights to seven cities, including Coimbatore and Salem in Tamil Nadu, and Guna in Madhya Pradesh. Bharat Gas Resources Ltd, a unit of state-owned BPCL, won a licence for 11 cities like Amethi and Rai Bareli in Uttar Pradesh and Ahmednagar in Maharashtra, while Torrent Gas Pvt Ltd made 10 winning bids that included ones for Chennai, Alwar in Rajasthan, Moradabad in Uttar Pradesh and Karaikal in Puducherry. State gas utility GAIL’s retailing arm, GAIL Gas, managed rights for five cities, including Dehradun. Indraprastha Gas Ltd, the firm that retails CNG in the national capital, won city gas rights for Meerut and Muzaffarnagar in Uttar Pradesh. Hindustan Petroleum Corp Ltd (HPCL) and Gujarat Gas won rights for one city each while Green Gas got licences for two and Maharashtra Natural Gas Ltd for three. Other winners Other winners included smaller players like IRM Energy, Haryana City Gas, Essel Gas, Megha Engineering & Infrastructure Ltd, Tripura Natural Gas, and Assam Gas. PNGRB said a total of 4,346 CNG stations have been committed to be set up in the 84 Geographical Areas (GAs) in eight years. Also, the entities have committed to provide 2.1 crore piped natural gas connections to households kitchens by September 30, 2026. When the ninth CGD bidding round closed in July, IOC, BPCL and Adani Gas were the top bidders. As many as 86 cities were offered in the bid round but results of two have been withheld pending legal challenge mounted by certain bidders. Of the 86 cities offered for retailing of CNG to automobiles and piped cooking gas to households in the ninth CGD bid round, IOC bid for 34 cities on its own and another 20 in partnership with Adani Gas. Adani Gas on its own bid for 32 cities. Bharat Gas Resources Ltd bid for as many as 53 cities, while GAIL Gas Ltd put in offers for 34 cities. Gujarat-based Torrent Gas Pvt Ltd bid for 31 cities, while Gujarat Gas Ltd put in offers for 21 areas. Petronet LNG Ltd, India’s largest liquefied natural gas importer, sought to foray into CGD business by bidding for a licence in seven cities but drew a blank. Indraprastha Gas Ltd had put in bids for 11 cities. PNGRB said the ninth CGD bidding round was launched on April 12 for development of city gas networks for the 86 geographical areas (GAs) which includes 174 districts (156 complete and 18 part), spread over 22 states and Union Territories (UTs) in India. The present round will double the city gas coverage. At present, CGD authorisation has been given by PNGRB for 92 GAs covering 124 districts spread over 23 States and UTs. Markus Naslund Womens Jersey
US aims to start LNG deliveries to Germany in four years
US companies expect to begin delivering liquefied natural gas (LNG) to Germany in four years at the latest and will challenge Russia which now accounts for 60 percent of German gas imports, the deputy US energy secretary told a German newspaper. “US liquefied natural gas is coming to Germany. The question is not if, but when,” Dan Brouillette told the mass circulation daily Bild in an interview published on Monday. US President Donald Trump in July accused Germany of being a “captive” of Russia due to its energy reliance and urged it to halt work on the $11 billion, Russian-led Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline that is to be built in the Baltic Sea. Germany rejects this charge and says it is open to diversifying its energy sources, but says sales will ultimately be determined on economic grounds. Brouilette, who acknowledged US LNG would cost more, said the entry of US suppliers onto the German market would effectively set a price ceiling for Gazprom, the Russian state energy company that leads the Nord Stream 2 consortium, and other suppliers. “Because US LNG is here, Gazprom cannot demand whatever it wants,” Brouillette, who met with German business executives in Berlin last week, told the newspaper. US Ambassador Richard Grenell told the newspaper that Chancellor Angela Merkel had assured Trump personally that Germany wanted to purchase US LNG supplies. The debate about German LNG imports has flared up in recent weeks as operators and the government have shown an interest in diversifying away from pipeline gas arriving from Russia, Norway and the Netherlands. Qatar has also expressed interest in selling LNG to Germany. German firms are considering building an LNG terminal in Germany, as gas demand rises in Europe and the Netherlands, one of Germany’s crucial suppliers which is winding down its giant Groningen field and plans to close it in 2030. Francisco Lindor Authentic Jersey
Govt to appeal against panel’s rejection of its $1.5 bn claim on RIL
The Law Ministry has held that an international arbitration panel’s ruling rejecting the government’s demand for $1.5 billion from Reliance Industries and its partners for allegedly siphoning gas from fields of ONGC is a fit case for appeal, sources in know of the development said. The Oil Ministry had sought an opinion of the Law Ministry on the July arbitration award going against the government. Sources said the Law Ministry was of the opinion that the majority arbitration award was in violation of the terms and conditions of the production sharing contract (PSC), lacked required reason and was against the public good and public interest. A three-member international arbitration tribunal by a majority vote in July held that Reliance could contractually produce and sell any gas that might have migrated from adjoining fields of state-owned Oil and Natural Gas Corp (ONGC) into its area and that it was not obligated to seek prior permission of the government for doing so. Sources said the Law Ministry was of the opinion that the tribunal had ignored the contractual obligation and statutory duty on part of operators to furnish information to the government about any migration of gas. It felt the award is a fit case for a challenge in the High Court, they said. With one member dissenting, the arbitration panel had held that the production sharing contract for eastern offshore KG-D6 fields “does not prohibit but permits” Reliance “to produce and sell gas which migrated into the sub-sea reservoir lying within (its) Contract Area from a source outside the Contract Area”. And so “there is no question of ‘unjust enrichment’,” it had held. Reliance “has not been and will not be unjustly enriched by any production of migrated gas as a result of Petroleum Operations conducted within its Contract Area”. In his dissent note, G S Singhvi said that the PSC prohibits Reliance and its partners from producing and selling gas which migrated into their sub-sea reservoir from the contract area of ONGC. He held that Reliance “unjustly enriched itself by the sale of migrated gas, which did not belong to it and, therefore, it is bound to restore those benefits to the Government”. In the 107-page order, the arbitration tribunal headed by Singapore-based arbitrator Lawrence G S Boo stated that although Reliance had always accepted that there could be channel continuity between its KG-D6 block and ONGC’s adjoining KG-D5 and IG block, its conduct is consistent with its position that ‘reservoir connectivity’ has not been proven. Bernard Eder, a former UK High court judge nominated by Reliance, was the other judge who concurred with Boo. Singhvi, a former Supreme Court judge and the government nominee on the panel, wrote a long dissent note. “The Claimant (Reliance) requires no further express permission to produce and sell any migrated gas that could have come into (its) Contract Area,” the majority judgment held. On the company not informing the government of a report commissioned by its partner Niko Resources indicating connectivity between KG-D6 and neighbouring blocks of ONGC, the tribunal said “the alleged failure to furnish information if so proven would at best be a breach of the contractual terms of the PSC or at worst attract penal sanctions under the Petroleum and Natural Gas (PNG) Rules”. “There is no logical nexus between such breach or non-compliance with the claimant’s right to extract gas which might include gas which could have migrated from an area outside the Contract Area. These are distinct and discreet issues,” it said. The tribunal had said though Reliance’s “production of gas would have included gas which had migrated into the reservoir from a source outside the Contract Area”, it is “entitled to all rights granted to it under the PSC and shall be entitled to retain and recover cost petroleum and profit petroleum from the gas so extracted, produced and sold”. The panel also awarded USD 8.3 million compensation to the three partners. Reliance is the operator of KG-D6 block with 60 per cent interest, while BP plc of UK holds 30 per cent and Niko Resources of Canada the remaining 10 per cent. In his dissent note, Singhvi said Reliance was required to obtain explicit permission to produce migrated gas. “It is crystal clear that the claimant (Reliance) does not have any rights to the gas which has migrated from ONGC’s blocks,” he wrote. “There can be no doubt that the retention of the benefit of migrated gas would be ‘against the fundamental principles of justice or equity and good conscience’ thereby falling squarely within the ambit of the doctrine of unjust enrichment”. He also held that quantification of migrated gas determined in D&M report of 2015 was conclusive. Stating that Reliance should have disclosed the 2003 report of its partner Niko Resources, he said it may not have conclusively established reservoir connectivity, but it strongly suggested the same. “It is held that the claimant’s failure to comply with its obligation to disclose November 2003 D&M report to the Government constitute a breach of the terms of the PSC and the 1959 Rules,” he wrote. “Under the PSC, if a reservoir extends beyond block boundaries, the contractor may either seek permission to enlarge its Development Area, or jointly develop the area with the contractor of the adjoining block, or relinquish its rights to such reservoir,” he said. “There can be no effective lease or enjoyment of an area covered by a reservoir, if such reservoir is being drained by a different person on its block boundary.” The ministry had on November 4, 2016, slapped a demand notice on Reliance-BP-Niko combine for producing in seven years ending March 31, 2016 about 338.332 million British thermal units of gas that had seeped or migrated from ONGC’s blocks into their adjoining KG-D6 in the Bay of Bengal. Reliance on November 11, 2016, slapped an arbitration notice disputing the claim. Trae Waynes Authentic Jersey
Modi Government forced state companies to fund publicity exercise
Nobody can accuse the Narendra Modi-led government at the Centre of being publicity-shy. In four years, it has spent ?43.43 million for advertisements and publicity in various media, a Right to Information enquiry revealed in May this year. But documents accessed by a citizen Neeraj Sharma, again through the RTI route, show that the figure could be higher. The documents show how Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs), including Navaratna companies, were forced to cough up at least ?8 million for the Bharatiya Janata Party-led government’s Sabka Saath Sabka Vikas Sammelan campaign at the end of the government’s three-year tenure. Documents accessed by National Herald show that PSUs like Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL), NBCC India Limited, Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL), National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL), Rural Electrification Corporation Limited (REC), National Highways Authority of India (NHAI), Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (PGCIL) and others organised approximately between 550 and 575 events throughout the country for the Modi government’s three-year celebrations named Sabka Saath Sabka Vikas Sammelan. While the PSUs initially dithered to part with the information, they relented after the applicant moved the Central Information Commission and the Commission directed them to comply. The documents reveal that the average cost of an event was ?1.5 million. For 550 events, thus, the cost comes to ?820 million. The Commission has, in fact, issued show cause notices to GAIL and IOCL for denying the information under RTI. In some cases, cost of events ran upwards of ?3 million Public Sector Undertakings belong to the people of the country. The Modi Government needs to explain why their coffers were raided to benefit a particular party. GAIL has spent ?12.7 million to hold 8 programmes. Oil India Limited has spent ?35.5 million to hold 10 programmes. HPCL, in its reply, stated that it spent about ?62.5 million for 44 programmes. NBCC spent around ?15 million to hold 21 programmes. While NTPC did not part with information on the money spent after the 48 programmes it organised, it said it spent ?1.38 million plus taxes to produce a film on the Sabka Saath Sabka Vikas theme. ONGC spent close to ?32 million for 18 programmes. PGCIL spent close to ?15.5 million for 9 programmes. REC spent close to ?10 million and organised 9 programmes. IOCL spent ?101.5 million and held 88 programmes. Interestingly, a circular calling upon all ministries to liaise with PSUs under them was sent out by the Information and Broadcasting Ministry. It is signed by the Secretary of the ministry. In another letter, also signed by the Secretary in the ministry, chief secretaries of various state governments are intimated about the events and locations chosen in their states and are asked to extend all cooperation and help All these events were coordinated by a central team of bureaucrats and, surprisingly, all the information was uploaded on a portal (sssvs.in) which was registered in the name of one Abhinav Jerath. National Herald contacted Mr Jerath and he said he was a web developer and developed the website at the request of a client whose name he could not divulge. The portal, which is now inactive, had the State Emblem of India, the Prime Minister’s photograph and that of Deen Dayal Upadhyay on its homepage. If this was a government initiative, why was the domain in the name of an individual and a private web developer? What was Bharatiya Jan Sangh founder Deen Dayal Upadhyay’s picture doing on the homepage of a sarkari website? If this was not a government initiative, what was India’s State Emblem doing on the website’s homepage? These are some of the questions the government ought to answer. That this had less to do with the government and more to do with the party becomes apparent from the RTI reply of NBCC, which mentions BJP party functionaries and those of associated organisations like Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha who were to be contacted and coordinated with for holding the programmes. One has to keep in mind that these costs are exclusive of Directorate of Advertising and Visual Publicity expenses and other publicity expenses. At a time when manufacturing was down, exports had fallen from its March 2014 high and the economy was reeling under the effects of demonetisation, the Modi government did not bat an eyelid to force PSUs to shell out money to garner publicity for political gain. PSUs belong to the people of the country. The government needs to explain why their coffers were raided to benefit a particular party. Fletcher Cox Jersey
Three suggestions for lowering fuel prices at the pump
The government is undoubtedly taking several steps to combat the price of petrol at the pump as well as to shore up the value of the Rupee versus the Dollar. I have written several times about how the Direct cost of petrol (from a rising Crude price) impacts the indirect cost of commodities such as Rice, Wheat, Onion etc[1]. The impact from a rise on Petrol of 1 rupee can be as much as 4 rupees on the commodities. Prices of Onion, Rice, Wheat will all rise just around the December elections for various states and the coalition in power at the Centre will be blamed. Here are three suggestions for the importers of crude and producers of petroleum that will help keep the price rise to as low as possible. This is your chance to make a contribution to the Bharat Varsha. Impress upon the Government to talk to their United States (US) counterparts to allow this. It takes two to tango and India is dancing with the US now… Three suggestions 1. Stop buying spot prices – that too at a premium. If true, this suggests that you are maybe over-invoicing your imports, by routing purchases through various shell corporations. Be transparent, declare your purchase price (this should be the same as what France and the United Kingdom pay), from crude producers like Saudi Arabia and Nigeria. The interactive graphic below shows the spot prices for the first few monthsof 2018… 2. Buy from Iran, which is willing to give an 18-20% discount on the spot prices and who is also willing to accept the rupee as part payment. Impress upon the Government to talk to their United States (US) counterparts to allow this. It takes two to tango and India is dancing with the US now… 3. Do not under-invoice your refined petroleum/ diesel exports. This has long been alleged and with increasing data analytics at the disposal of the investigative agencies, you will be caught. How about for once, taking a hit for the cause of the country? Trust me when I say this – there is more joy in giving than getting. Are you listening? Dave Winfield Womens Jersey
Yes, petrol and diesel taxes are steep. No, don’t cut them
India’s middle class, supported by many opposition parties, wants a cut in fuel taxes to stem the sharp rise in petrol and diesel prices. This would be wrong for several reasons. The same political and middle classes claim they want to check the threat of climate change. But cutting fuel taxes will encourage the consumption of petroleum products, increasing carbon emissions that warm the globe. Instead, the logical way forward is a high tax on all forms of carbon, making this revenue-neutral by cutting taxes on other items. That will discourage carbon emissions without affecting tax revenue, which is needed for infrastructure and essential social spending. This will be a wise climate precaution even if the global warming threat turns out to be exaggerated. Surprise surprise, India is doing exactly this. The Goods and Services Tax (GST) rate on most items ranges from zero to 18%, with a few items bearing 28%. But the effective tax rate on petrol is close to 100% in states like Maharashtra, Delhi and Karnataka. So, India is levying an exceptionally high tax on the carbon in oil products, and compensating with lower taxes on other items. Note — these other items include coal, which really should be covered by a carbon tax too. The high tax on oil products can be called a partial but substantial carbon tax, that reduces emissions significantly. Three other major reasons justify exceptionally high taxes on oil products. First, they are polluting, and have helped convert many cities into death-traps. Second, they are non-renewable, and a high tax helps conservation. Third, oil is by far the biggest import item and threatens to rise exponentially as India develops and urbanises. This makes India vulnerable to sudden rises in oil price. These can tip the balance of payments from okay to worrying, inducing a massive outflow of foreign portfolio investment (this is happening right now). Today, this is by far the most important reason to keep taxes high. Foreign portfolio investors are pulling billions of dollars from all emerging markets including India, threatening the sort of financial meltdown we saw in 2013. The Modi government has done well to declare that it will hold firm on oil taxation, and avoid populist giveaways that could threaten both fiscal and currency stability. Petroleum products have been kept out of the GST. Instead the central government levies a flat excise duty tax plus cess of Rs 19.48/litre on petrol and Rs 15.30/litre on diesel. States then levy a value added tax (VAT) which varies from state to state. For petrol, VAT is highest in Maharashtra (39%) with Karnataka levying 30.28% and Delhi 27%. In Delhi, the retail price has crossed Rs 80/litre, of which around Rs 36/litre consists of central and state taxes. The states get most of this — all of VAT plus 42% of the Centre’s excise duty (under the Finance Commission’s latest award). When world oil prices rise, the flat central excise duty does not change. But the state VAT rises with the import price. SBI chief economist Soumya Kanti Ghosh suggests the states will gain a windfall of Rs 220 billion from the recent sharp rise in oil prices, providing space for them to cut VAT. Poll-bound Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan have already done so. In fact the supposed windfall gain is illusory at a national level. The notion that oil-importing countries gain hugely from a rise in oil prices is surely laughable. Yes, higher prices mean more tax revenue, but much more expenditure too. Higher prices increase the travel bills of central and state governments, and dearness allowance too in due course. They increase subsidies on controlled items like kerosene and cooking gas. They increase the cost of fertilisers, and hence of fertiliser subsidies. They increase the cost of farming, and hence lead to higher crop support prices and higher food subsidies. The railways and state transport corporations use a lot of diesel and will pay more. State-owned coal-based power stations use a lot of fuel oil, and will pay more. The list goes on and on. The combined fiscal deficits of the Centre and states have remained very high by world standards at 6.7 to 6.9% of GDP in Modi’s four years. The decline in the Centre’s fiscal deficit has largely been offset by rising state deficits. Prachi Mishra of Goldman Sachs has shown that governments tend to increase fiscal deficits in pre-election years, an additional source of vulnerability. At a time when foreign investors are pulling billions out of emerging markets, fears of fiscal slippage will only increase the outflow. This is no time to cut any taxes whatsoever. ArDarius Stewart Jersey
Fuel demand growth strong in August despite record high prices
Demand growth for petrol and diesel stayed strong in August despite record prices although overall oil demand growth decelerated to less than 1% in the country from nearly 8% in July. The weaker rupee and high crude oil prices have combined to take fuel prices to record highs in the country but that doesn’t seem to have hurt demand for transportation fuel much. In August, consumption of petrol rose 7.8%, and diesel 4.2% from a year earlier. Petrol and diesel sales had grown by 7.8% and 4.9% respectively in July when prices were lower. Robust sales growth in petrol and diesel is partly due to the base effect as sales had contracted in August 2017, HPCL chairman MK Surana told ET. The Goods and Services Tax was launched in July last year, and initial confusion that accompanied the roll-out had contributed to contraction in fuel demand in August. Record fuel prices don’t seem to have pushed consumers towards public transport or vehicle sharing. “People don’t shift their transport behaviour on the fly. Only if prices are higher for longer and are anticipated to stay high in future, it may trigger behaviour change,” Surana said. People can’t quickly dump their private cars and bikes since a bunch of convenience public transport just can’t match. Similarly, factories, telecom tower companies, shopping malls or residential societies that use diesel generators wouldn’t stop using them due to higher fuel prices but may plan an alternative if prices stay high for longer, Surana said. A structural shift away from diesel to petrol cars in passenger vehicle segment also partly explains the different growth curve for petrol and diesel demand, he said. Total oil demand that includes naphtha, cooking oil, jet fuel, petcoke besides transportation fuel, expanded just 0.76 per cent from a year earlier in August. In July, it had grown 7.7per cent. Major contribution in oil demand slowdown has come from petcoke whose consumption has contracted a fifth in August. George Bell Womens Jersey
Brookfield to acquire Ambani gas pipeline
Canadian investor Brookfield is set to buy the lossmaking East West Pipeline Ltd (EWPL), earlier known as Reliance Gas Transportation Infrastructure Ltd, for an enterprise valuation of Rs 14,000 crore ($2 billion). Brookfield is uniquely sponsoring an infrastructure investment trust (InvIT) called India Infrastructure Trust as the acquisition vehicle to take over the 1,400 km common carrier pipeline from Kakinada on the east coast to Bharuch in Gujarat. The Competition Commission of India (CCI) approved the transaction last week. Brookfield has also filed an application with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) for registering the InvIT, approval for which is expected this month, following which a formal joint announcement will be made, said multiple sources aware of the matter. The pipeline housed under EWPL is being transferred to an entity called Pipeline Infrastructure Pvt Ltd (PIPL), a wholly owned subsidiary of Reliance Industries Holding Pvt. Ltd (RIHPL). That’s a holding arm of Mukesh Ambani and family, the promoters of Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL). EWPL has already filed an application with the National Company Law Tribunal for the asset transfer. The $2 billion will be evenly split between equity and debt and Brookfield is said to be currently in negotiations with Indian lenders such as ICICI Bank for financing. Brookfield declined to comment. There was no response from Reliance to queries sent on Saturday. JM Financial is advisor to the transaction. As part of the contract with Brookfield, Ambani is also said to be negotiating a clause that would allow buying back the asset after 20-25 years. But those terms are still getting finalised. “It’s a great way of monetising an asset. Brookfield and the four other small sponsors of the trust will get cashflows from the pipeline, which will give them their desired yields,” said a Reliance executive on condition of anonymity. “InvITs are tax-efficient vehicles and give an optionality in the future to add more assets.” DIRECT LINKS TO RIL BUSINESS The pipeline, Sikka Ports & Terminals Ltd (SPTL) and Reliance Utilities and Power Pvt Ltd (RUPPL) are key companies in Ambani’s privately held RIHPL Group and their operations are critical for RIL as they are closely integrated with those of its facilities in Jamnagar, Dahej and Hazira in Gujarat, and with its Krishna-Godavari (KG) D6 gas fields. The facilities cater exclusively to RIL’s existing facilities as well as its expansion in the petrochemicals and refining business, which is nearing completion. EWPL has built and operates the critical pipeline to transport natural gas produced by Reliance-BP from the KG basin on the east coast and links to users on the west coast. It also transports gas from other sources including RLNG (regasified liquefied natural gas) terminals along the stretch of the pipeline and is connected to pipelines of other operators such as state-run GAIL (India) Ltd and Gujarat State Petronet Ltd for onward delivery nationwide. However, the sharp drop in production in KG-D6 has had an impact on the company’s financials. EWPL had operational revenue of Rs 884 crore and posted a net loss of Rs 715 crore in the year ended March. The company was bleeding due to high interest expenses, which were almost equal to its revenue, and depreciation costs. It had a total outstanding debt of Rs 13,715 crore as of March while its plant, property and equipment had an asset value of around Rs 11,000 crore, according to its last annual balance sheet. EWPL had separately disclosed in a regulatory filing that it was hiving off its investment division to immediate holding company Sikka Ports. “EWPL’s cash flow is sensitive to the volume of gas available for transportation. Low volume reduces capacity utilisation and revenues, thus impacting cash accruals. There has been a significant drop in RIL’s gas production from its KG-D6 block over the last few years, which has constrained its cash flows,” said rating agency Crisil in a note earlier this year. The average production was about 5 mmscmd (million metric standard cubic meter per day) in the third quarter of FY18, down from about 8 mmscmd in fiscal 2017 and about 12 mmscmd from fiscal 2014 to fiscal 2016, which in turn was significantly lower than 26 mmscmd in fiscal 2013. “Nevertheless, gas volumes are expected to increase after RIL and BP’s joint deepwater gas-field project at the KG-D6 basin commences production (expected in 2020),” the note added. In five years since April 2012, RIHPL group has extended support to EWPL in the form of subordinated debt and preference shares of about Rs 4,826 crore and Rs 8,000 crore, respectively, as of March 31. INDIA BETS Surpassing heavyweights Carlyle, KKR or even Apollo, Brookfield, is the world’s second-biggest manager of alternative assets like real estate and private equity with $285 billion of assets, after Blackstone, which is number one. In India, it has already deployed over $5 billion since 2009-10, but once concluded, this will be its largest deal. Brookfield’s India bets includes the largest commercial real estate transaction in India in 2014 — acquiring a 15 million square foot portfolio of office properties from Unitech. In the last two years, it has purchased a portfolio of six toll roads, totalling 246 km of roadways, and a majority stake in a cell phone tower network. Globally, it has been an aggressive investor in energy assets and related infrastructure — buying gas pipelines in Brazil, coal terminals in Australia and even gas stations in Canada. Currently through its active management, the firm manages over 2,200 km of backbone electricity transmission, 6.5 million direct customer electricity and natural gas connections, 980,000 smart meters, 2,000 km of regulated natural gas pipelines and 85 million tonnes per annum of coal handling capacity. Within its energy portfolio, its assets include one of the largest natural gas transmission and pipeline systems in the US, unregulated natural gas and liquid propane gas distribution operations in Australia; natural gas storage centers in Alberta and district heating and cooling systems in Australia, Canada and the US. Tyler Ervin Authentic